The Rebellions and Louis Riel(Under Construction)
Metis Provisional (temporary) Government
The way and quality of life was changed for the Metis with the expansion of the West, with them facing much discrimination, loss of land and religion. The problems had come when the Canadian government had purchased Rupert's Land and the Northwest Territories from the Hudson's Bay company, even though the land had, in reality, belonged to the Metis and Aboriginals. The Canadian Government exerted power over these people with many laws and treaties that showed favourtism towards and granted many advantages to the white settlers, such as the Dominion Lands Act which divided land against the ways the Metis and Aboriginals traditionally divided them. The Metis and Aboriginals had lost their land and were frequently cheated and harassed by the white settlers. Rebellions were fought. Many died, and the life of the Metis and Aboriginals changed forever, extending into today.
Figures to note:
Louis Riel:
-was well educated, religious, and a good speaker
-Was leader of Metis
-Born in Red River Tribe,Manitoba
-helped negotiate entry of Manitoba into the Confederation with the Manitoba Act(1870)
-was tried for treason after (1885) North West Rebellion and was hanged for it
-was disliked and Ontario and supported by Quebec
Metis:
-had their land( the Red River) taken over by settlers around (1870)
-Settled in Saskatchewan after losing the Red River
-Were afraid that they would lose their land like in the Red River-Food source(bison) was disappearing with the Railway and expansion of settlement because the Railway caused habitat loss and excessive-hunting by settlers and railway passengers
-were openly discriminated by the British and other people who felt racially superior
Mcdougall:
-Ottawa lieutanant governor
-Canadian Expansionist
Louis Riel:
-was well educated, religious, and a good speaker
-Was leader of Metis
-Born in Red River Tribe,Manitoba
-helped negotiate entry of Manitoba into the Confederation with the Manitoba Act(1870)
-was tried for treason after (1885) North West Rebellion and was hanged for it
-was disliked and Ontario and supported by Quebec
Metis:
-had their land( the Red River) taken over by settlers around (1870)
-Settled in Saskatchewan after losing the Red River
-Were afraid that they would lose their land like in the Red River-Food source(bison) was disappearing with the Railway and expansion of settlement because the Railway caused habitat loss and excessive-hunting by settlers and railway passengers
-were openly discriminated by the British and other people who felt racially superior
Mcdougall:
-Ottawa lieutanant governor
-Canadian Expansionist
Here are the key economic,social, and politicals aspects of Louis Riel and the Rebellions:
Red River Rebellion(1869):
Political:
-surveyors were performing actions on Metis land without permission
-Canada had purchased Rupert's Land with the intention (of Macdonald) of taking full control over it
-rebellions were fought by Metis(with Riel) against Canadian government( at Fort Garry)
-Louis Riel became the Metis' Leader, but an outlaw to Canada
-execution of Thomas Scott caused Canadian government to not grant unconditional amnesty to Louis Riel as requested
-Red River joined Canada as the 5th province,Manitoba, with the Manitoba Act
Manitoba Act:
-in general, the Metis wanted to have their religious, linguistic, and property rights
-Canadian Parliament accepted most of the Metis proposals, even though they wanted to make money off selling this land and regarded the Metis as an inferior race(Partially economic)
-Recognized the Red River area and the 600 000 hectares around as Manitoba
-recognized property rights
-allowed Catholic schools
-Canadian parliament had actually planned to retract the act all along and had sent British troops to the Red River, who rebelled and killed the captain, in which the British framed the Red River for murder of an innocent person
in less than 3 months, the government managed to expel most of the Metis off their land by sending British troops and settlers there
-The government declared Riel a traitor, causing him to flee the U.S
Social:
-French Metis foresaw a flood of English protestants settling in their land because the Canadian government purchased Rupert's land(S)
-Riel convinced nearly all Red River settlers to co-operate and speak of their problems and wishes
-Red River wanted their property rights and to join Canada as an independant Nation
-Metis chose Riel as a spokesman to protect their religious, linguistic and property rights
-white settlers deliberately took over Metis colony by harassing and cheating Metis, especially those who were illiterate
-caused an uproar with the execution of Thomas Scott, who was against the Metis
-the Metis moved farther West(Saskatchewan) because they could not compete with the British troops and influx of Canadian settlers
-two thirds went to Saskatchewan and some went to Alberta
Economic:
-Hudson's Bay was failing as a company
Red River Rebellion(1869):
Political:
-surveyors were performing actions on Metis land without permission
-Canada had purchased Rupert's Land with the intention (of Macdonald) of taking full control over it
-rebellions were fought by Metis(with Riel) against Canadian government( at Fort Garry)
-Louis Riel became the Metis' Leader, but an outlaw to Canada
-execution of Thomas Scott caused Canadian government to not grant unconditional amnesty to Louis Riel as requested
-Red River joined Canada as the 5th province,Manitoba, with the Manitoba Act
Manitoba Act:
-in general, the Metis wanted to have their religious, linguistic, and property rights
-Canadian Parliament accepted most of the Metis proposals, even though they wanted to make money off selling this land and regarded the Metis as an inferior race(Partially economic)
-Recognized the Red River area and the 600 000 hectares around as Manitoba
-recognized property rights
-allowed Catholic schools
-Canadian parliament had actually planned to retract the act all along and had sent British troops to the Red River, who rebelled and killed the captain, in which the British framed the Red River for murder of an innocent person
in less than 3 months, the government managed to expel most of the Metis off their land by sending British troops and settlers there
-The government declared Riel a traitor, causing him to flee the U.S
Social:
-French Metis foresaw a flood of English protestants settling in their land because the Canadian government purchased Rupert's land(S)
-Riel convinced nearly all Red River settlers to co-operate and speak of their problems and wishes
-Red River wanted their property rights and to join Canada as an independant Nation
-Metis chose Riel as a spokesman to protect their religious, linguistic and property rights
-white settlers deliberately took over Metis colony by harassing and cheating Metis, especially those who were illiterate
-caused an uproar with the execution of Thomas Scott, who was against the Metis
-the Metis moved farther West(Saskatchewan) because they could not compete with the British troops and influx of Canadian settlers
-two thirds went to Saskatchewan and some went to Alberta
Economic:
-Hudson's Bay was failing as a company
The North West Rebellion(1885,Saskatchewan)(Five months):
Political:
-Ottawa ignored Metis demands for securing their needs(security of land, agricultural aid, schools, and a local police force).(P)
-land of Aboriginals had been signed away by treaties(P)
-Riel formed a second provisional government at Batoche, and First Nations supported him(P)
-Macdonald didn't delay sending troops to combat Riel after he (Riel) made his government, and the Canadian Pacific Railway helped get the soldiers across fast(P)
-There was war between the Canadian government and the Metis, but the Metis lost and Riel surrendered and was arrested(P)
-resulted in permanent enforcement of Canadian Law in the West(P)
-(and)the subjugation of the First Nations(P)
-Riel was sent to a trial in which the lawyers there said that he was insane and did not allow him to speak at all, eventually hanging him
-it was diabolical political treachery
-they did not give Riel a proper trial
-gave English protestants a free reign and pursue their quick profits around the Railway
Social:
--fights were caused by fear and insecurity between the Metis, Aboriginals, and white settlers -Bison were disappearing around this time, meaning food was scarce
-(and) Metis weren't reassured rights by Ottawa
-Louis Riel was persuaded to come back and lead the Metis
Economic:
-The Metis lost their jobs as fur traders(E),
Political:
-Ottawa ignored Metis demands for securing their needs(security of land, agricultural aid, schools, and a local police force).(P)
-land of Aboriginals had been signed away by treaties(P)
-Riel formed a second provisional government at Batoche, and First Nations supported him(P)
-Macdonald didn't delay sending troops to combat Riel after he (Riel) made his government, and the Canadian Pacific Railway helped get the soldiers across fast(P)
-There was war between the Canadian government and the Metis, but the Metis lost and Riel surrendered and was arrested(P)
-resulted in permanent enforcement of Canadian Law in the West(P)
-(and)the subjugation of the First Nations(P)
-Riel was sent to a trial in which the lawyers there said that he was insane and did not allow him to speak at all, eventually hanging him
-it was diabolical political treachery
-they did not give Riel a proper trial
-gave English protestants a free reign and pursue their quick profits around the Railway
Social:
--fights were caused by fear and insecurity between the Metis, Aboriginals, and white settlers -Bison were disappearing around this time, meaning food was scarce
-(and) Metis weren't reassured rights by Ottawa
-Louis Riel was persuaded to come back and lead the Metis
Economic:
-The Metis lost their jobs as fur traders(E),
The Metis and Louis Riel Today:
Metis:
-Federal court judge recently ruled Metis as indians with rights
-Federal court granted rights to Metis, non-status Indians whereas only full-status were granted before
-Federal court did this because the Metis had faced century long discrimination and wished to stop it
-more grants from court were given to the Metis, such as $85 million meant to improve the Metis's infrastructure, education, employment and local government accountability
Louis Riel:
-is now recognized for his constitutional efforts in the battle for Metis rights, and gained the title: Father of Manitoba
Metis:
-Federal court judge recently ruled Metis as indians with rights
-Federal court granted rights to Metis, non-status Indians whereas only full-status were granted before
-Federal court did this because the Metis had faced century long discrimination and wished to stop it
-more grants from court were given to the Metis, such as $85 million meant to improve the Metis's infrastructure, education, employment and local government accountability
Louis Riel:
-is now recognized for his constitutional efforts in the battle for Metis rights, and gained the title: Father of Manitoba
Bibiliography:
Bain,M.Colin."Pearson Canadian History 8." Pearson Education Canada.Toronto.2008.Textbook.
Cruxton,J.Bradley.Douglas,Wilson."Flashback Canada." Oxford University Press.Toronto.2000.Textbook.
The North West Resistance-1885 .April 23,2014.
<http://firstpeoplesofcanada.com/fp_metis/fp_metis_background.html>
Louis Riel:Founder of Manitoba.April 24, 2014.
<http://www.cbc.ca/archives/categories/politics/parties-leaders/rethinking-riel/founder-of-manitoba.html>
Beal,Bob.Rod Macloed.Richard Foot.North-West Rebellion.April 25, 2014.
<http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/north-west-rebellion/>
Bumsted,J.M. Red River Rebellion.April 25,2014.
<http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/red-river-rebellion/>
The North West Rebellion. April 26,2014
<http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/hist/ori-deb/debuts8-eng.htm>
Louis Riel, The Father of Manitoba. April 27,2014
<http://www.viewamerica.net/art/en-louis_riel.html>
Bain,M.Colin."Pearson Canadian History 8." Pearson Education Canada.Toronto.2008.Textbook.
Cruxton,J.Bradley.Douglas,Wilson."Flashback Canada." Oxford University Press.Toronto.2000.Textbook.
The North West Resistance-1885 .April 23,2014.
<http://firstpeoplesofcanada.com/fp_metis/fp_metis_background.html>
Louis Riel:Founder of Manitoba.April 24, 2014.
<http://www.cbc.ca/archives/categories/politics/parties-leaders/rethinking-riel/founder-of-manitoba.html>
Beal,Bob.Rod Macloed.Richard Foot.North-West Rebellion.April 25, 2014.
<http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/north-west-rebellion/>
Bumsted,J.M. Red River Rebellion.April 25,2014.
<http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/red-river-rebellion/>
The North West Rebellion. April 26,2014
<http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/hist/ori-deb/debuts8-eng.htm>
Louis Riel, The Father of Manitoba. April 27,2014
<http://www.viewamerica.net/art/en-louis_riel.html>